In the North East of England, residents of my hometown are known as smogmonsters (!) because of the atmospheric pollution caused by the chemical and steel industries associated with Middlesbrough and Teesside. There is a clear geographic pattern shown on the map 3, the safe level that should not be exceeded is 20 (µg/m 3), and it is clear that in LICs, and LDCs there are major problems.Īs a native of Middlesbrough, I am well aware of the problems caused by the atmospheric pollutants above. Problems can be particularly pronounced in temperature inversions and during anticyclones, when air is prevented from rising which allows pollutants to build up in the lower atmosphere. These gasses can be found in huge concentrations in city areas compared to countryside areas, the most dramatic being SO 2, which can be found in concentrations 200 times greater than rural concentrations. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) – these cause the brown haze above of cities Particulates are the deadliest form of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams unfiltered, causing permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and premature death.Ozone (O 3)– this gas protects in the upper atmosphere, but is dangerous to humans when it occurs in high concentrations at ground level in the Troposphere Carbon dioxide (CO 2) – the most talked about pollutant, this gas can cause human enhanced global warming.SO 2 & SO 3 – these are given out during the combustion of fossil fuels, they often mix with water in the atmosphere to give Sulphuric acids Carbon Monoxide (CO) – a poisonous gas to human beings, it is highly dangerous because it is colourless and odourless.PM 10 is the part of suspended particles that are only 10(µM) micrometres in size. Particulate matter – this is fine grade material that can cause damage to human lungs, it is effectively the smoke and dust particles in the air.The major difference between urban and rural areas is the use of fossil fuels, which produces lots of waste gas and particulate matter such as Whilst Photochemical pollution is air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust. Particulate air pollution is a mixture of solids and liquid droplets floating in the air. 1Ħ.1 million global premature deaths occurred due to air pollution in 2017 according to a report into State of Global Air 2018. This is particularly pronounced in industrial cities and in cities within LICs and LDCs where environmental standards applied to heavy industries and vehicles are much lower than in richer nations.Ĥ0,000 early deaths a year (2015) are linked to outdoor air pollution in the UK, say the Royal Colleges of Physicians and of Paediatrics and Child Health. The quality of air within urban areas is often of a much poorer quality than that of surrounding rural areas. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth.Air quality: particulate pollution, photochemical smog and pollution reduction policies.
Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming. These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide.
Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is when the Sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere. As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Though this warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels.
Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature.
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